Around 1910, city sanitation engineers traveled to Milwaukee and Chicago to examine pumping systems that flushed polluted waterways.

Lawonn pumped septic systems and had a spare 2,000-gallon vacuum tank he needed to sell, but no effective way to market it.

But he said that filtration, pumping and diking systems were expensive and that "the red tape of obtaining wetlands permits is frustrating."

Construction crews would need elaborate cranes and pumping systems to get materials and concrete up to the top levels.

Water heating and pumping systems, including requirements for solar hot-water systems.

Using flatrods it was possible to operate man engines and pumping systems, even though the water wheel in question had a rotary, not a reciprocal, motion.

With the levees and pumping systems in a weakened state, even a near-miss could bring flooding back to areas that have begun to dry out.

In some cities with older infrastructures, much of the water leaving reservoirs and pumping systems never reaches consumers.

Without pumping systems, electricity costs, infrastructure and other costs.

Professor Bea's ideas include eliminating many of the city's open canals entirely and replacing them with powerful underground drainage and pumping systems.