Such punitive private laws are therefore unconstitutional.

The result was the predominance of archaic and punitive laws that only served to perpetuate crime.

Singapore generally has a low tolerance for political protests and unruly behavior, sometimes invoking extremely punitive laws against foreigners.

Instead, it is the result of more punitive laws adopted by Congress and state legislatures as part of the movement to get tough on crime, the report said.

He signed a punitive law in Texas that allowed judges to put people convicted of possessing less than one gram of cocaine in jail.

He also champions the reform of punitive laws that stigmatize HIV.

This reluctance is due to lack of adequate education in pain management as well as punitive laws.

It was evidently a punitive law, offending the principles of double jeopardy and retrospective punishment.

Suicide is considered a criminal offence, with punitive laws imposed in place for attempted suicide.

Informers and punitive laws then were employed to eliminate this phantom cult.