He heavily defeated Joseph Ricci, a racetrack owner with a tendency to become unprintably outspoken.

A constant innovator, Bradley introduced the fibre skullcap worn by jockeys and as a racetrack owner made improvements to the starting gates.

"The intense lobbying from labor and from racetrack owners and then by the tribes was the irritant which ultimately led to the compacts not being approved."

By the mid-1960s, he was a veteran driver who had won his battles with the white racetrack owners and police officers.

Within a few days, an N.T.R.A. task force began work on initial, short-term steps to improve wagering security with racetrack owners, state regulators and totalisator companies.

That attitude may conjure visions of Columbine High School, but the racetrack owner, Jim Cromarty, said it's all good, clean fun.

Among the clients he brought to the firm was the Magna Entertainment Corporation, a racetrack owner based in Aurora, Ontario, according to a firm spokesman.

Lower betting pools mean smaller payouts for the bettors and less profit for the racetrack owners.

The Arizona legislature has just opened a special session to hear what the racetrack owners want.

MGM Mirage, the casino developer, said yesterday that it would buy a racetrack owner, Wembley, for £270 million ($490 million).