Women reported sexual and racial intimidation by guards.

The Ku Klux Klan and paramilitary groups had practiced racial intimidation and other efforts to dissuade blacks from voting.

The attackers were arrested and face charges of felony menacing and racial intimidation.

But in the case of Virginia's cross-burning law, the expression prohibited is a message of racial intimidation and a clear threat of violence.

In this case, Congress had enacted a law that required adding five years to any act of racial intimidation in which fire was used, an effort to discourage cross burning.

But the burning of the church, St. John Baptist, reveals a more complex tale of racial intimidation reaching far back into the past.

In the community she often heard stories of interracial sexual abuse, miscegenation, lynching, arson and other acts of racial intimidation.

Mr. Mieske also pleaded no contest to racial intimidation in the nonfatal stabbing of a black security guard at a supermarket last September.

Since his family was poor, he dropped out of elementary school by the fifth grade, after repeated racial intimidation by classmates.