He says we shouldn't do any better, in their place; just as if one could reason from them to us, you know.

I could still be an adventurous me, I reasoned from the safety of my covers.

Straying air currents, I reasoned, from the forest far below.

What happened, Zimbardo says, was that the people reasoned correctly from a false premise.

You can't reason back from effects to causes.

We can only reason about them from afar.

Whether and in what way can reason free itself from this self-contradiction?

I reason here from the first to the second.

Now we cannot reason from empirical contingency to intellectual.

With this purpose, we reason from an actual existence- an experience in general, to an absolutely necessary condition of that existence.