The accusations against Milliken are emerging as corporate espionage increasingly receives attention from lawmakers and executives.

He has even received contributions from executives in the Mississippi riverboat gambling industry.

Toyota does not have a timetable for making a decision, but its directors could receive a recommendation from executives in the United States this summer.

On occasion, Dr. Blaugrund receives emergency calls from executives preparing for a major presentation.

Her campaign received a large amount of financial support from executives at telecommunications companies who expected she would be a top contender for the F.C.C. job.

Dr. Maccoby says he has received notes from chief executives recognizing these traits in themselves and asking to get into psychoanalysis.

He has also received about $74,570 from executives of six underwriting companies, owned by women and minorities, that received city business for the first time under his administration.

But Mr. Hanson said he generally received positive responses from executives.

It solicits money openly in mosques across the Arab world, and receives large donations from mainstream companies and executives.

Mr. Levinson said he never used threats, but "would hope" to receive contributions from executives of state companies that benefited from state programs.