The film marshals some impressive statistics to suggest that a climate of freedom and tolerance reduces crime and addiction.

The problem is not failed drug treatment, but not enough drug treatment, and inadequate financing for those resources (housing, jobs, child care) needed to reduce addiction and its consequences.

"We have solid evidence that treatment can reduce addiction and crime," Ms. Falco said.

If the vaccine proves effective in humans, it could be used to treat overdoses, ease addicts' cravings and perhaps even reduce addiction, Dr. Leshner said.

But nobody has demonstrated how it would reduce crime or addiction, because it will not.

But he doubts that even the most dedicated treatment policy would reduce addiction by more than one-third.

He called for legalizing drugs, with taxes and controls and measures to reduce addiction.

Representative Jim Leach, an Iowa Republican who was a co-sponsor of the bill, suggests that it will help reduce gambling addiction and money laundering.

The huge amounts of money spent in recent years on the drug war have not reduced addiction.

Phenyltropanes (PTs) were originally developed to reduce cocaine addiction and dependency.