They then systematically removed genes to find a minimal set of 382 genes that can sustain life.
In two separate experiments, researchers say they removed toxin-producing genes from mites and scorpions and inserted them in viruses that kill insect pests.
Molecular biologists had discovered how to remove genes from one cell and put them in another.
By the early 1950s it was known that viruses could remove and incorporate genes and genetic material in cells.
Research into transgenics - removing genes or artificially moving genes from one individual or species to another - has fewer prospects of gaining favor among consumers.
"Kawakita was using this equipment to remove genes from the plant virus."
Sequencers are used for species preservation, but the only thing I ever heard about that had to do with removing deleterious genes.
The old method had another limitation - it did not allow researchers to selectively remove genes.
It will be possible, scientists say, to cure genetic disorders by removing or adding genes.