The bank said the American performance in restraining demand to reduce imports and bolster savings "appears inadequate."

However, inflation pressures seem likely to moderate over time, reflecting contained inflation expectations and the cumulative effects of monetary policy actions and other factors restraining aggregate demand.

One reason for the drop, he saaid, was that warm weather in the Northeastern United States was restraining demand.

The Fed explained itself this way: "Growing caution by lenders and unsettled conditions in financial markets more generally are likely to be restraining aggregate demand in the future."

The result is a prevailing caution that restrains demand for goods and services.

The report calls for government action to restrain demand for minerals by curbing their use and encouraging recycling.

As it continues, it will restrain demand.

As orthodox monetarists, Lawson and Thatcher agreed to a steady rise in interest rates to restrain demand, but this had the effect of inflating the headline inflation figure.

That means oil prices are not likely to plunge, at least until something is done to restrain demand significantly.

Various researchers claim that there is a need to bring demand into line with supply capacity, to restrain demand according to the rate at which the resource is being exhausted, thereby avoiding any imbalance.