Long-term capital is mainly that provided by selling shares as described above and by retaining profits within the company.

Manufacturers and wholesalers have a choice of retaining less profits overall, or passing on the additional cost to their customers in the form of increased prices.

Farmers now retain profits on practically all crops planted on their land, and many villagers own their own businesses.

According to annual accounts published Davy had retained profits at the end of 2011 of €110.545 million compared with €124.99 million in the previous year.

Finance can also be raised through loans and retained profits.

The matching funds may be found from the owners of the business, retained profits, a loan, or from a new investor.

Record companies have traditionally paid advances against royalties on a record, but have retained profits for themselves.

It's also possible that banks entering those sorts of businesses could decide to retain higher profits.

By 1981, 73% of rural farms had decollectivized and 80% of state industries were permitted to retain profits.

Finance comes from shareholders, loans and retained profits.