If new investment was included, this amount rose to $3.3 billion per year.
Next year, when the threshold rises to $2 million per person, just 123 farms will be subject to the estate tax, the study found.
Public borrowing rose to nearly 10 per cent of national income - equivalent to £55,000 million today.
The price of gas, the study said, will increase modestly through the year 2005, rising to about $1.75 per gallon in 1990 dollars.
Under his leadership Continental's stock price rose from $2 to over $50 per share.
As a result, he said, "the poverty line would rise about 8 percent faster per year than under the current method."
The professors found that the stock prices of such companies rose 5 percent faster per year.
In the period from 2006 to 2009, the number of tourists rose from 300 to around 7,500 per year.
The price of gasoline rose more than 40 percent, to about $1 per gallon.
That rate is more than three times the level reported among white men, which rose 14 percent, to 12.2 per 100,000 from 10.7.