In the case of color TV, CBS and RCA offered rival formats but initially neither gained market traction.

This caught on rapidly, and Barrett's stripline soon had fierce commercial competition from rival planar formats, especially triplate and microstrip.

Publishers said Gemstar's charges were much higher than the roughly 3 percent commissions on the sale of electronic books in rival formats.

At the same time there is a major launch for a rival format, the eight-track cartridge, which uses an endless loop system and seems likely to sweep the in-car market.

With the rival formats now running neck and neck in the world market, outstanding camcorders are being produced in both camps.

Since the 2nd season VV crashed the rival format so BB moved to the late night time slot and died quietly.

A stubborn rival format, backed by Toshiba and Microsoft, is not backing down.

Last summer, ABC canceled the contract and began a rival format.

Furthermore, the rates of presence of many of these elements were greater than those typically seen in the rival digital format of banner and rectangle display ads.

After several years of competition, it became clear that a rival format, called VHS, was gaining wider acceptance, and Sony took big losses in changing its product.