In other places, orchards were destroyed during fighting between rival warlords and scorched-earth campaigns by the Taliban.

Russian traders responded with a scorched-earth campaign in 1764 that essentially ended Aleut independence.

In some areas they conducted a scorched-earth campaign destroying villages, houses, crops, livestock etc..

"We did everything we could conceivably do to make him understand we're not running a scorched-earth campaign," he said.

It was a scorched-earth campaign against cigarettes and butter, a combination of modern medicine and state-of-the-art propaganda.

The move all but guaranteed a scorched-earth campaign for his seat this year, and Republican leaders lost no time preparing for it.

Between 1981 and 1984 alone, 80,000 Mayans were killed during the army's scorched-earth campaign in which 440 villages were razed.

"I just don't think the scorched-earth campaign has made him many friends," said George Arzt, a political consultant.

The government's scorched-earth campaign killed some 200,000 Sudanese and uprooted millions more.

An army was sent to quell the rebellion and only after a savage scorched-earth campaign, the revolt was put down.