The flag, which includes the Confederate battle flag's star-studded St. Andrew's cross, has flown as a defiant symbol of the segregationist South since 1956, when the Georgia Legislature voted to adopt it to protest court-ordered integration.

The minister and his protege have learned their routines well, dancing to the rhythms of the segregationist South.

Frank M. Johnson Jr., the legendary Federal jurist from Alabama whose historic civil rights decisions led to ostracism, cross-burnings and death threats but helped to change the face of the segregationist South in the 1950's and 1960's, died yesterday.

Fair, strong-willed, independent and sensitive to civil rights issues, these men played major roles in the social and political transformation of the segregationist South.

The case of the two officers' fight for police pensions illustrates how a third of a century after the civil rights movement extended equal treatment under the law to all Americans, people employed under the rules of the segregationist South are still battling for justice.

But his departure clearly signifies the end of an era in North Carolina politics, as well as in the Senate, where Mr. Helms and Mr. Thurmond represented the last vestiges of the segregationist South.

She broke ground in another way, covering athletics at black high schools and colleges, most notably Winston-Salem State, in the segregationist South of the 1940s and '50s.

In the fearful cosmos of the segregationist South, the integrated swimming pool occupied a special place: race-mixing carried to an intimate level.

But there is no sense of how the members of Paul's congregation have themselves suffered in the segregationist South, and their cause seems curiously abstract.

What bound these migrants together, she explains, was both their need to escape the violent, humiliating confines of the segregationist South and their "hopeful search for something better, any place but where they were.