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Solid material in wastewater may be dissolved, suspended, or settleable.
Settleable solids are the particulates that settle out of a still fluid.
Settleable solids may include larger particulate matter or insoluble molecules.
Settleable solids can be quantified for a suspension using an Imhoff cone.
Primary treatment of sewage is removal of floating and settleable solids through sedimentation.
High molecular weight synthetic organic polymers are sometimes added to facilitate the formation of settleable floc.
Settleable solids are measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom of an Imhoff cone after water has settled for one hour.
A test for settleable solids in water, wastewater and stormwater uses an Imhoff cone, with or without stopcock.
Imhoff tank, which are used for treatment of waste water, and the Imhoff cone for determining settleable matter.
This treatment removes floating and settleable solids and about 90 percent of the oxygen-demanding substances and suspended solids.
It is sometimes abbreviated SS, but is not to be confused with settleable solids, also abbreviated SS, which contribute to the blocking of sewer pipes.
Although turbidity often varies directly with weight or volumetric measurements of settleable matter, correlation is complicated by variations in size, shape, refractive index, and specific gravity of suspended matter.
The term "settleable solids" refers to material of any size that will not remain suspended or dissolved in a holding tank not subject to motion, and excludes both TDS and TSS.
However, the GSBR with only primary treatment cannot meet the present effluent standards for municipal wastewater, mainly because of exceeding the suspended solids effluent standard caused by washout of not well settleable biomass.
Most of the alternative treatment technologies applied today treat wastes after they exit the septic tank; the tank retains settleable solids, grease, and oils and provides an environment for partial digestion of settled organic wastes.