And in sham treatments, the doctor goes through the motions without actually performing the treatment.

In a sham treatment, some people get the real treatment while others get the sham treatment, and the results are compared.

Regulations govern studies that use placebos or sham treatments, which are always done with the participants' consent.

For the study, 31 adults with mild or moderate acne received a laser treatment, and 10 similar patients were given a sham treatment.

Decades ago, American cancer patients come south of the border for sham treatments like Laetrile.

People who received the sham treatment did not.

Clinical trials control for this effect by including a group of subjects that receives a sham treatment.

It also showed there was greater improvement in pain for people who got acupuncture compared to those who received a "sham" treatment.

The sham treatments had little or no effect on their depression.

And strangely, the placebo effect is not limited to the subjective sensations of patients; some studies show actual physiological change as a result of sham treatments.