Asian markets have been under pressure in recent weeks with the markets roiled by sharp devaluations of several currencies and rising interest rates.

The economic collapse of the 1980s also greatly hurt the scholarly community, especially the sharp devaluation of the Nigerian currency.

A sharp devaluation of the Shekel, followed by a policy of a long-term fixed foreign exchange rate.

The banks in Mexico have been struggling with huge portfolios of failed loans since a sharp devaluation touched off soaring inflation nearly five years ago.

To hear Marcos, the insurgents draw new hope from the economic turmoil that has followed the peso's sharp devaluation.

Russia's default last August and a sharp devaluation of the ruble has made the debt practically worthless on bond markets.

The move was expected to bring a sharp devaluation, new inflation and losses for Mexican banks.

Illarionov had called for a sharp devaluation of the Russian ruble before the August 1998 financial meltdown to prevent it.

Otherwise, a default and a probably sharp devaluation will almost certainly follow.

The economic crisis set off by the sharp devaluation of the peso last month has done little to diminish the urgency.