Thus, an arbitrarily small perturbation of the current trajectory may lead to significantly different future behavior.
However in reality small perturbations of the interface between the water and the air always set in.
As with any highly complex system, however, even small perturbations to its environment can lead to significant functional disruptions.
Stability means that the trajectories do not change too much under small perturbations.
The response to a small perturbation is forces that tend to restore the equilibrium.
Throwing in that first oxygen does not seem to be a small perturbation; I guess it radically changes everything.
"It's expected of such systems - they're so sensitive to small perturbations."
There have been some small perturbations, but nothing beyond what we've been experiencing the past few months.
In a similar way as for small perturbations, it is possible to develop a strong perturbation theory.
The orientation of the rolls will depend on whatever small perturbations happen to be present as the temperature difference is raised.