Spin-dependent transport refers to the dependence of electrical conductivity on the spin direction of the charge carriers.

In this model, there are two conduction channels for electrons with various spin directions relative to the magnetization of the layers.

For Cooper electron pairs, "a" and "c" represent different spin directions.

First we choose a spin direction for our electron or positron.

As with the example of the Pauli algebra discussed above, the spin direction is defined by a unit vector in 3 dimensions, (a, b, c).

The amplified mode will differ depending on the spin direction, which explains the rattleback's asymmetrical behavior.

The current model for this phenomenon is a light induced electron transfer, accompanied by the reversal of the spin direction of an electron.

At that time, the blade will reverse its spin direction again.

The simplest example is when the spin direction of all muons remains constant in time after implantation (no motion).

The spacecraft was to be spin-stabilized at 1.8 revolutions per second, the spin direction approximately perpendicular to the geomagnetic meridian planes of the trajectory.