This statute, dictating the collection of gas and similar taxes, does not violate the Commerce clause.

Second, the lawyers argued that the statute violated Scopes's constitutional right to free speech because it prohibited him from teaching evolution.

Conservative and liberal justices agreed that the statute violated separation of powers.

For example, a plaintiff may seek a declaratory judgment that a particular statute, as written, violates some constitutional right.

A statute of limitations like Alabama's, which precludes a significant class of cases, clearly violates this principle.

"As such," she said, "the statute violates equal protection."

Justice Black held that the statute did not violate the due process clause.

Failure to meet any of these criteria is a proof that the statute or policy in question violates the Establishment Clause.

A group of law schools argued that the statute violated their rights to free speech and association.