Another major toll was suburban migration, a national trend.

And despite the suburban migration, Union City remains Cuban politically and in the face it presents to the world.

People described the suburban migration as "white flight", because newer populations happened to be ethnic groups of color.

Still, many executives said there are limits to how far the suburban migration can extend.

As northern New Jersey's population began its suburban migration, Bamberger's followed in a more aggressive manner than its rivals Hahne and Company, or Kresge-Newark.

Another major toll was suburban migration, a national trend at the time.

"Law and Order," Ms. Fishenfeld's poignant remembrance of a devastated Brooklyn neighborhood, uses a collaged cutout of old real-estate ads to suggest the aftermath of suburban migration.

Demonstrating the economic basis of the suburban migration, Detroit lost some of its black middle class as well, as did cities such as Washington, DC and Chicago during the next decades.

The neighborhood remained viable into the 1960s when it fell victim to suburban migration, university expansion, and real estate disinvestment.

But will there be a suburban migration among commercial tenants?