The title of the elected ruler was Yabgu.

It may also have been the original title of the ruler of Uruk.

Domnitori), was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities between 1862 and 1881.

Akwamuhene is the title of the traditional ruler of the Akwamu region in Ghana.

"Tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

"Tsar" was the official title of the supreme and great ruler in the following states:

It was retained through the fall of that state as the official title of the ceremonial ruler of the contemporary Oyo clan.

Was the title of the ruler in the Classic Maya polity.

Ferdinand never belied his title of "the happy ruler."

The title of the ruler was maharaja.