As a further complication, the amount of unburned gasoline in emissions can make exhaust unbearable to breathe well before losing consciousness.
But the traditional two-stroke design emits some unburned gasoline, wasting fuel and fouling the air.
The current dispute involves vehicles' so-called evaporative emissions of unburned gasoline, which contribute to smog.
Drawbacks include increased pollution, due to the high volume of unburned gasoline in their exhaust, and louder noise.
Reacher could smell unburned gasoline in the air, and he could hear the muffler popping with tiny explosions.
Another problem in Southern California and many other urban areas is fumes from unburned gasoline that react with sunlight to form ozone.
Fumes from unburned gasoline are a leading ingredient of ozone.
But the traditional two-stroke power plant blows a relatively large amount of unburned gasoline through the exhaust pipes, wasting fuel and polluting the air.
A defective switch can cause excessive emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned gasoline.
Ground-level ozone is created when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons such as unburned gasoline and diesel fuel react with the heat from sunlight.