The upstart league placed franchises in and Buffalo, New York.

That's hard to do in any upstart league, but if we hang around long enough, people will come and stay.

However, once he did apply, the other owners knew that he would lend the upstart league instant credibility and quickly approved his bid.

The reasons have more to do with the role an upstart league played in forcing the staid N.F.L. to change its culture.

A warrior people was under no such obligation against an upstart league of colonies, and indeed, could not afford to be.

He scored at least 114 points in each of his four seasons in the upstart league, finishing third or fourth among overall scorers every time.

They were thus able to legally recover the services of most of the players who had jumped to the upstart league a year earlier.

In 1915, the upstart league brought suit against the existing leagues and owners under the Sherman Act and the case was assigned to Landis.

The upstart league placed franchises in Baltimore, Maryland and Buffalo.

Eventually, the United States baseball owners halted the flow of players to Mexico and dismantled the upstart league.