The gestation period lasts one year, during which the mother produces histotroph ("uterine milk") to nourish her developing embryos.

This species probably bears live young that are sustained by yolk and later histotroph ("uterine milk") during gestation.

Developing embryos are nourished by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") after they exhaust their supply of yolk.

It is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother.

Like other stingrays, it is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by histotroph ("uterine milk").

It is aplacental viviparous, with the mother provisioning her young with histotroph ("uterine milk").

It is aplacental viviparous, with the females nourishing their developing young with histotroph ("uterine milk").

The females supply their developing young with histotroph ("uterine milk") during gestation.

The embryo may also receive secondary nutrition in the form of histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother.

It is aplacental viviparous, with the unborn young sustained to term by maternal histotroph ("uterine milk").