Students' Argument Ms. Hopwood's argument was, in essence, that the university was violating the Bakke requirements by giving undue weight to race.

The group is also asking regulators to crack down on companies that they say are violating even the current rules by giving shareholders false and misleading information.

"Fixed," she repeated firmly, and violated a thousand years of protocol by giving the Protector of Grayson a gentle, affectionate shake.

But no Serbian leader is likely to violate his country's own sense of mystical nationalism by giving the Kosovars that independence.

A Delaware court ruled this week that Disney's board did not violate its duties by giving Mr. Ovitz such a generous sendoff.

Once before, he said, he was kicked out of the program for two weeks for violating the rules by giving his telephone number to one of his daughters.

The statute, they say, violates the Constitution by giving the President "authority to cancel and thus repeal provisions of Federal law."

But Federal officials are examining whether the changes would violate the rights of minority-group voters by giving the Chancellor powers now held by elected local school boards.

They said the law violated the Constitution's separation of church and state by giving religious groups an unfair advantage.

On the Establishment Act, they argued that it violated the Church of England's episcopal polity by giving lay commissioners powers to discipline clergy.