Buried metal objects can also change the voltage gradient and decrease or stop the flow.

If the system reaches a steady state where , then the voltage gradient is given simply by the emf: .

When this contact coordinate has been acquired, the voltage gradient is applied to the second sheet to ascertain the Y coordinate.

The modeling software seeks to obtain safe voltage gradients above the defibrillation threshold.

It also reduces voltage gradient in that range of voltage.

Sharks swimming though the Earth's magnetic field create a voltage gradient that could act as a physical basis for compass orientation.

These currents cause voltage gradients to be set up in the soil, which can be measured using a voltmeter.

By plotting the direction of voltage gradients around a fault, the type and nature of faults may be deduced.

A digital multimeter is completely unsuitable because of the difficulty in quickly assessing the direction of the voltage gradient.

Low frequency radiations may create voltage gradients high enough to damage the surface of living cells - perhaps causing birth defects or miscarriages.