The Shaktoolik economy is based on subsistence, with some part-time wage earnings.
These issues, the officials said, were the lack of growth in real wage earnings over the last 20 years.
According to human capital theory, there is a positive correlation between a worker's skill supply and their wage earnings.
Catherine Savage had no history of wage earnings of any kind.
The summary starts by noting that a "significant number of workers experience substantial variability in their total wage earnings," which is certainly true.
Hanke elaborates "that equals one-third of the total wage earnings in the formal sector of the Mexican economy and 10 percent of Mexico's exports.
They find that wage earnings in the gang are somewhat higher than legal market alternatives, but do not offset the increased risks associated with selling drugs.
Data on wage earnings are expressed in nominal terms.
The Stebbins economy depends on commercial fishing, for herring and other fish, and subsistence fishing, gardening and hunting, supplemented by part-time wage earnings.
Simultaneously, the real, after-tax earnings of the bottom twenty percent of wage earnings in the United States grew 18%.