Male recipients are asked to sacrifice academic studies in pursuit of minimal wage employment.

Female wage employment began more recently, and is rarer and more sporadic.

This has the potential positive long term effect of allowing youth to find higher wage employment.

In 17 middle-income countries surveyed, all saw a moderate or significant decrease in wage employment during the recession.

When faced with no opportunity for wage employment, some young people will turn to unpaid work.

Its secondary objective was to give out sustained wage employment.

The twin objectives of the Act are augmenting wage employment and strengthening natural resource management.

The self-employed are actually indifferent between the wage employment and self-employment that they decided to be on their own.

These workers gave up security for autonomy and, when economically necessary, supplemented household income with wage employment.

Today the economy is mostly a mix of hunting, fishing, and seasonal wage paying employment.