Ultraviolet (UV) light for water disinfection is well established and widely used for large applications, like municipal water systems.

Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and fetal growth.

There are three primary subsets of solar water disinfection:

Solar thermal water disinfection uses heat from the sun to heat water to 70C-100C for a short period of time.

It can also be used to produce ozone for water disinfection.

The UV Tube is a design concept for providing inexpensive water disinfection to people in poor countries.

Provide water via solar water disinfection.

The suspended solids interfere with water disinfection with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and bacteria.

When used at specified levels for water disinfection, the reaction of chlorine with water is not a major concern for human health.

Two early chlorination episodes in Belgium advanced the science and practicality of water disinfection.