In a mixing bowl, whisk together flour, wheat germ, sugar and raisins, if desired.

Whisk together spices, flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt.

In a bowl, whisk flour and salt together.

In a large bowl, whisk together flour, salt, baking powder and remaining 3 tablespoons sugar.

In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder and cinnamon.

Whisk flour, baking powder, sugar and salt together in a bowl.

In medium bowl, whisk flour with 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons water and egg yolk to consistency of thick paint.

Whisk milk, flour, salt and pepper together in a medium bowl and add to the pan.

Place pan over medium-low heat and whisk flour into oil to make a smooth paste.

In a large bowl, whisk together flour, granulated sugar, 1/2 cup cocoa, baking powder and salt.