The physical presence of African Americans in Cincinnati, Oberlin, and other Northern towns agitated some white Northerners, though others helped hide former slaves from their former owners, and others helped them reach freedom in Canada.

Such sentiments were not unfamiliar to free blacks, as many white Northerners during this period practiced both white superiority and discrimination against blacks.

The author Peter Guralnick is another white Northerner who was transfigured by discovering rhythm-and-blues while in high school.

When he was a young boy in Camden, S.C., rich white Northerners would stable their horses there during the winter.

It was an unforgettable address, in large measure because Washington successfully courted white and black Southerners and white Northerners alike.

To her dismay, the students were bored and sullen, contemptuous of the white Northerner trying to teach them American history.

Many white Southerners, and a significant number of white Northerners, argued that the issue was not race but rights: states' rights, property rights, white rights.

In the summer of 1964, Mr. Goodman and Mr. Schwerner, two white Northerners, and Mr. Chaney, a black Mississippian, converged in Neshoba County, Miss.

Reagan Democrat is an American political term used by analysts to denote traditionally Democratic voters, especially white working-class Northerners, who defected from their party to support Republican President Ronald Reagan in both the 1980 and 1984 elections.

He said he discussed the matter with Mr. Dukakis the day after the Democratic Presidential nominee visited Philadelphia, Miss., where the three civil rigths workers, two white Northerners and a black, were murdered.