He was a firm opponent of Reconstruction and endorsed measures to preserve white-dominated society, including restrictions on freedmen and the use of violence.

They say black schools are needed to nurture black students who have been failed by a white-dominated society and inadequate elementary and high school education.

Along with sports, culture has long offered ethnic minorities a path into the white-dominated societies of the West.

The author is more occupied by his subject - South Africa's rural, white-dominated society - than in developing a short-story technique of his own.

So life went on and I adapted to my new country, to living as a black youngster in a white-dominated society.

Racial discrimination against Indians and "cholos" had always existed, but as they sought to expand their presence in a white-dominated society, racial tensions burst to the surface.

The first segment covers what Mr. Nunn came to call the "winners," those middle-class blacks who have fashioned a comfortable, if imperfect, life within a white-dominated society.

Set in her Ohio hometown, it described a black girl's painful coming of age in a white-dominated society.

"The older, white-dominated society is thinning out into the past," William H. Frey, a demographer at the Brookings Institution, said.

There was less emphasis on integration into a white-dominated society and more on the need to define a black "identity" based on black culture and black values.