Without the necessary siege equipment, armies of the early Muslim expansion would lay surround a city, denying it supplies until the city's defenders surrendered.

Muhammad also tried, with limited success, to break up many alliances against the Muslim expansion.

The two states were thus in considerable internal turmoil, and unable to either stop the Muslim expansion or to recover from its first blows.

He is regarded as a reliable source for the history of the early Arabs and the history of Muslim expansion.

However, Muslim expansion did suffer some defeats in southern India.

Thus, Charles again championed Christianity and halted Muslim expansion into Europe.

Many of its defenders were Visigoths sent to defend the Exarchate by their king, who also feared Muslim expansion.

However, Munuza was defeated by a Umayyad military expedition (731) and another period of Muslim expansion commenced.

Muslim expansion had virtually come to a halt.

The practice was also the norm in various Asian cultures before Muslim expansion in the 13th and 14th centuries.