An apostolic exhortation is the second highest form of papal teaching after the encyclical.

However, this was not approved of by the Pope or any papal teaching.

It strives to follow the teachings of the Popes, and so trains its members in the papal teachings.

Yet the articles which followed qualified certain of these rights in a typically catholic way and in the terms of the papal teaching of the day.

(7) The historical reality of papal teaching has little to do with infallibility.

One theologian said that the measure "upped the ante" considerably in the Vatican's efforts to obtain strict adherence to papal teaching.

Critics view this as a cop out to the expressed intention of past papal teachings.

Why is papal teaching evolving and empirical in regard to economics but much less so in areas like sexual morality or reproductive technologies?

Nevertheless, he added, "I am confident that I have everyone with me in a sincere adherence to the papal teaching."

Despite efforts in 1967 and 1968 to drop him because of his disagreement with papal teaching on contraception, he received tenure by 1971.